Cooking Terms

• tsp = teaspoon
• tbsp = tablespoon
• c = cup
• oz = ounce
• fl oz = fluid ounce (liquid capacity)
• pt = pint
• qt = quart
• gal = gallon
• lb = pound

Measurements

• 3 tsp = 1 tbsp
• 2 tbsp = 1 fl oz
• 8 fl oz = 1 c
• 2 c = 1 pt
• 2 pt = 1 qt
• 4 qt = 1 gal
• 16 oz = 1 lb

Metric Conversions

• 1/8 tsp = 0.5 ml
• 1/4 tsp = 1 ml
• 1/2 tsp = 2 ml
• 1 tsp = 5 ml
• 1 tbsp = 15 ml
• 1 fl oz = 30 ml
• 1/4 c = 59 ml
• 1/3 c = 79 ml
• 1/2 c = 118 ml
• 1 c = 225 ml
• 1 pt = 450 ml
• 1 qt = 900 ml (usually rounded up to 1 L)
• 1 gal = 3636.8 ml (usually rounded)

Common Cooking Substitutions

• 1 c sugar ( 3/4 c honey )
• 1 c brown sugar ( 1 c granulated sugar + 2 tbsp molasses )
• 1 c powdered sugar ( 1 c granulated sugar + 1 tbsp cornstarch, blended )
• 1 c shortening ( 1 c butter or margarine )
• 1 tsp dry mustard ( 1 tbsp prepared mustard )
• 1 tbsp prepared mustard ( 1/2 tsp dry mustard + 2 tsp vinegar )
• 1 c cake flour ( 1 c minus 2 tbsp regular flour )
• 1 c buttermilk ( 2/3 c plain yogurt + 1/3 c milk )
• 1 c buttermilk ( 15 tbsp milk + 1 tbsp vinegar )
• 1 tsp baking powder ( 1/4 tsp baking soda + 1/2 tsp cream of tartar )
• 1/2 c wine (sweet) ( 1/2 c fruit juice )
• 1/2 c wine (savory) ( 1/2 c chicken broth )
• 1 c tomato sauce ( 3/4 c tomato paste + 1 c water )
• 1 c sour cream ( 1 c plain yogurt )
• 1 c orange juice ( 3 medium oranges )
• 3 tbsp lemon juice ( 1 lemon )

Tips for measuring ingredients

• Remember, the most accurate way of measuring dry ingredients is to weigh them.
• When measuring liquids, use a clear glass or plastic jug with metric markings.
• One Australian metric measuring cup holds approximately 250ml
• One Australian metric tablespoon holds 20ml.
• One Australian metric teaspoon holds 5ml

How to measure?

• When using graduated metric measuring cups, shake dry ingredients loosely into the appropriate cup.
• Do not tap the cup on a bench or tightly pack the ingredients unless directed to do so.
• Level top of measuring cups and measuring spoons with a knife. When measuring liquids, place a clear glass or plastic jug with metric markings on a flat surface to check accuracy at eye level.
• Egg sizes can differ greatly. Most recipes on this site use large eggs with an average 60g weight, unless otherwise stated.